Block system.



PATENTED JAN. 3, 1905.

A. PIORINI.

BLOCK SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 13, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

l/vihmaoeo No. 779,075. PATENTED JAN. 8, 1905.

A. FIORINI.

BLOCK SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 13, 1904.

anrmu. f

M boy/"e114 PATENTED JAN. 3, 1905.

A. FIORINI.

BLOCK SY$TEM.

APPLIGATION FILED APR.1'3, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

fjuuentoz UNITED STATES Patented January 3, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

ANTONIO FIORINI, OF PONTREMOLI, ITALY.

BLOCK SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 779,075, dated January 3, 1905.

Application filed April 13, 1904. Serial No. 202,911.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANTONIO FIoRINI, a subject of the King of Italy, and a resident of Pontremoli, Provincia Massa Garara, Italy, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Block Systems, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is an electrical block-signal system by means of which an employee before starting a train from a station may ascertain whether or not a track is blocked from one of these several causesviz. from a train coming toward the station from another station, from a train previously started from the station at which he is placed and still remaining in the limit of block, or from an accident to the trackand which in event the employee neglects to ascertain these facts before starting it the train itself provides a means for warning the engineer upon the train that'the track is blocked.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatical view of my signaling system as applied to a single-tracked railway. Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modification which is applied to a double-tracked railway. Fig. 3 is a similar View of a modification to be placed at a side track. Figs. 4 and 5 are detail sectional views of two forms of mercury-cups employed in my system. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a mercury-cup with its inclosing casing situated beside atrack so as to be operated by the passing of a train. Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view of one of the semaphores employed in my system for warning the engineer that the track is blocked, the box inclosing the mercury-cup being shown broken out so as to disclose the rack which carries the cups and the pawl, which engages the rack together with the electromagnet for actuating the pawl. In this view likewise is shown a Whistle, which is to be attached to the engine, to be actuated by the arm of the semaphore when it is lowered. Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing in detail a modified form of attachment which, by the passing of the train actuates the mercury-cup. Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating the respective positions of the semaphores and the alarmwhistle upon the locomotive.

Thus referring to the parts, I will now describe my block system as it is applied to railroads of asingle track. In a railroad of this character there is danger from several sources:

First, trains coming toward each other may collide; second, a train may run into one that has started ahead of it in the same direction; third, the track may have been subject to some accident which would render it dangerous. My system is adapted to prevent accidentfrom any of these sources.

I Will-describe first the means by which accidents occurring from trains moving toward each other are prevented.

In one station a double mercury-cup is mounted upon an axis a. One side of this cup consists of a straight cylindrical cup at, the other side of a cup which is in somewhat the shape of an hour-glass-that is, it has a contracted portion a in its center. Located likewise in the station is a battery, the negative pole of which is indicated by the letter 6 and positive pole by the letter 6. likewise in the station is an electric bell C. In the other station are elements corresponding to these elements just described. The double cup has its axis indicated by a and its cups by a and a its bell by C, the negative pole of its battery by 6 and the positive pole by 6 At distances of about a third of a mile from each of the stations are semaphore-stations. In the semaphore-station nearest to the station first described two semaphores D and E are located. The semaphore D carries an arm (Z, and the semaphore E carries an arm 0. Semaphore -D likewise carries a semicircular bracket (1, which is mounted rotatively upon a pivot d and which is engaged by a pawl (Z Bracket d carries three mercury-cups-viz., OZ of the same shape as cup at and (Z and d of the same shape as cup (0 Fig. l diagrammatically, so that the electric wiring may be more clearly illustrated. The method of mounting the cups upon the bracket is shown in Fig. 7, and the cups themselves are shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Semaphore D carries likewise an electromagnet 0Z which is mounted adjacent to the pawl 0Z The bracket d is connected to the semaphore-arm (Z by a These cups are shown in Located chain d. The semaphore E carries a semicircular rack e, which rotates upon an axis 6 and which is connected by a chain a to the arm 6 and which carries a mercury-cup similar to the cup a in shape. Semaphore E carries a pawl e and electromagnet e, which is adjacent to the pawl 6 In the semaphorestation located nearest to the other railroad station are located likewise two semaphores D and E, similar to and carrying similar elements to those carried by semaphores D and E. The bracket carried by the semaphore D is marked d, the cups 03 03, and d, the pawl d electromagnet d, and the arm (Z The bracket carried by the semaphore E is marked 6 pawl 6 electromagnet e arm 6 and the cup carried by the bracket is marked 6. Situated between the semaphore-stations I have shown a double mercury-cup F, mounted upon a pivotf, each cup thereof being similar to the cylindrical cup a. This cup is to turned upon its axis f by an employee if an accident has happened to the track and is shown in the figure in its normal positionthat is, where the track is unimpaired.

In Fig. 1 the mercury-cups are all shown in the position they occupy when no train is on the track either at the stations or between the same, and the shaded lines in the cups indicate the mercury therein. The wire 0 runs to the ground. It is seen that in this normal position the negative pole I) is not in communication with the wire 0, the communication being intercepted at the'upper end of the cup a. When this cup is rotated upon its pivot 60, the mercury in the cup 0/ imme- .diately falls to the other end of the cup and puts the wires 1 and 2 in communication, and thewire 2, leading into wire 0, puts the negative pole a of the battery in communication wit-h the ground, the contracted neck of cup a causing the mercury to'flow slowly through it so as to keep the wires at the neck in communication with each other long enough to send the current, as presently described. This double cup is turned by hand before the train departs from the first station for the other station. This negative pole b then being in communication with the ground, a current passes through wires 3, 5, 6, and 7 to cup d, thence through the mercury to wire 8 to cup 6 thence through the wire 9 and wire 10 to the left-hand cup of the double mercury-cup F, thence through the mercury to wire 11 and wire 12 to the cup 6, thence through the mercury to wire 13, from the wire 13 through the electromagnet d and thence to cup 05 thence through the mercury to wire 14 to cup G, thence through the mercury to wire 15 to cup a thence through the mercury to wire 16 and to the ground at 0.

through the electromagnet d this current justdescribed magnetiz es the same,which then draws metallic pawl d toward it, thereby re- In passing leasing the bracket d, which then is rotated upon its pivot by the arm al which falls to its horizontal position, which would indicate to a train whichshould start from the second station that a train had already started from the other station. The overturning of the mercury-cups 0Z ai and d sends the current back to the first station to ring the bell C in the following manner: The negative pole is put in communication with the ground at O by reason of the wires 17 and 18 being put in communication by the mercury in the cup 6Z the wire 18 leading into the cup (0 and the communication with the negative pole 6 being thence made through the wire 19. The negative pole 6 being put into communication with the ground at 0 starts a current back from the positive pole through the wires 20 21 22 to the cup d Here the mercury has not yet passed through the cup to its lower side by reason of the contracted neck of the cup, and the current passes thence to wire 23 24: to cup 0 thence through the mercury to wire 12 to cup F, through the mercury to wire 10 to cup 6 thence through the mercury to wire 8, thence through wire 8 to wire 25 to cup d through the mercury to wire 26,through which the current passes to wire 6, thence through wires 5 4 27 to cup 0, thence through the mercury to wire 28 and through bell C to the ground at 0, thereby ringing the bell. This ringing of the bell will indicate to the employee at the first station that the track is clear and that he may therefore start the train toward the second station. If he does not get a signal from the bell (J, the employee knows one of several things may have happened: First, a train may have been started from the second station toward the first, in which event the employee at the second station would have thrown the double cup a a in the manner just described and would have lowered the arm d of the semaphore D and have revolved the cups 03*, 03 and d, in which event, the wires 7 and 3 having been disconnected, the employee at the first station could not send a current to the second station and could not, therefore, get a reply therefrom to ring the bell C; second, a train which had been previously started .from the first station might still be within the limit of bloc-k--that is, might not have passed beyond the second station, in which the semaphores D and E are located, in which event the arm 0 in the first semaphore-station would be lowered and the cup 6* would be inverted so that the wires 8 and 9 would be disconnected. It is the duty of the employee at the first station to so lower the arm 0 and to turn the' bracket 6' when the train passes this station toward the second station. The train itself after it has'passed the second semaphore-station sends a current back to magnetize the electromagnet e and to rotate the bracket 6 and allow the cup 6 to take its normal position, in a manner as will be de- IIO IISV

scribed farther on, so that if the train still be between the two semaphore-stations the cup 0*, as before said, will still be in its inverted position and will have intercepted a current passing from the first to the second station, so that the employee at the station can get no ringing of the bell C; third, accidents may have occurred to the track and an employee may have inverted cup F, in which event wires 10 and 11 would have been intercepted and the current from the first station would not pass to the second. The employee at the first station has means of ascertaining which of these causes is to account for his getting no signal from the bell O when he turns cups a and 0. These means are the cups H, M, and P, located in the first station. Similar cups H, M, and P are located in the second station. To ascertain what the cause is, the employee at the first station would rotate cup H upon its axis, thereby placing wire 29 in communication with Wire 30, which leads to the negative pole b. If the failure to get a signal from bell C has been occasioned bya train started from the second station toward the first, the semaphore cl would have been lowered, and the rack d, with its cups (P, (Z and (Z would have been inverted, in which case wires 29 and 32 would have been put in communication with the ground at O and the positive pole b will therefore send a current to the hell 0 through the wires 3, 4:, 27, and 28, causing it to ring.

If the employee fails to get a signal from the bell C by turning cup H, he knows that the block is not occasioned by a train coming from the second station toward the first. -He will then overturn cup M. This will put wire 30, which leads to the negative pole b, in communication with wire 33. If the cup 6 be inverted, the current will go to the ground at 0 through wire 34, and the positive pole I) will send a current to the bell 0 through wires 3, 4, 27, and 28. If the cup 0 is inverted, this indicates that a train which left the first station is still between the semaphorestations, for the reason that the employee at the first semaphore-station must lower the arm (a as soon as a train passes en route to the second station. He will be reminded if he fails to do this by the ringing of a bell y, located near the cup G, as will be hereinafter explained. If the employee does not get a signal from bell 0 upon turning the cup M, he knows that the block is not occasioned by a train between the semaphore-stations previously started from the first station. He will then overturn'cup P. This will put wire 35, which leads to the negative pole 6 of the battery, in communication with wire 36, which will put the negative pole in communication with the ground 0 through wires 27 and 28. The negative pole being in communication with the ground 0, if the cup F has been inverted the wire 37, which leads to the ground at 0'', will be in communination with the wire 10. Therefore the circuit from the positive pole 7) would be completed through the wires 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, and both bell C at the station and the bell F between the semaphores would ring, thus indicating to the employee at the station that an accident had occurred to the track or that the employee along the track between the semaphore -stations had some reason for wishing .to keep the train from being started. By means of the bells F, F, and C the employee at the station and the guard along the track at F may communicate with each other.

Cup G is automatically overturned by the train as it passes, in the following manner: It is mounted upon the short arm of a lever, which is fulcrumed at g and the longer arm g of which is weighted to hold the cup in its normal position. Under the arm g is the long arm g of a second lever, which is fulcrumed at g and has its shorter arm extendingbeneath the rail B. When the rail is deflected from the weight of a train, it throws arm 7* upward and overturns cup G. This puts wire 38, which runs to the ground at O in communication with wire 39, which joins wire 29. Thus the negative pole b is put into communication with the ground through wires 29 and 40. Positive pole I) therefore sends a current to the second station as heretofore described in connection with the inversion of cups (0 a and the current mag netizes magnet d and lowers armv 0Z as likewise heretofore described. The overturning of cup G brings bell g into circuit through wire 41. This will continue to ring until the cup is turned back to its normal position by the watchman at the semaphore-station, whose duty it is to lower arm a at the same time that he resets cup G. The second semaphorestation is provided with a cup G and similar levers to be thrown in a similar manner by a train coming from the second station.

In Fig. 8 a modified means for actuating a mercury-cup by the passage of a train is shown. The rail R has attached to it a spring-arm 7', which is attached to a transverse arm 1', which extends through rail R to a point adjacent to a bell-crank lever upon one arm of which is mounted a mercury-cup G which may be used in place of cup Gr or G. When a train passes, the flanges of its wheels engage arm r and press it toward the rail, thereby overturning cup G To warn an engineer if his train should have been started from a station when the track is blocked, the engine is provided with a steam-whistle S, as shown in Fig. 7, whose valve .9 has an upwardly-projecting arm 8. Should the arms d or e of the semaphores be lowered, they would contact arm 8, open the valve, and sound the whistle.

When the train has reached the second semaphore-station, it overturns cup G in the same manner that it overturned cup G. This puts negative pole Z2 of the battery in communication with the ground at 0 through wires 17 18, cup o and wire 19. A current is therefore sent back to the first semaphore-station from the positive pole, as aforedescribed. The current passes from Wire 9 into wire 42, because the cup 6 is inverted,-and passing through electromagnet e magnetizes it, so that it draws pawl 6 out of engagement with rack e. The weight 6 of semaphore 6 then raises it and makes the rack and cup 6 assume their normal positions, so that a current may be sent, if desired, from the first station to the second through cup 6*.

In Fig. 2 I have illustrated my system as applied to a double track. In this use, since there is no danger of trains meeting each other coming in opposite directions on the same track, I have omitted the semaphores D and D, with their attachments and connections, and have shown only one semaphore, which is stationed at about a third of a mile from the first station. The system is shown as applied only to one of the double tracks. The other track would have a similar combination of elements. In the first station are locatedthe mercury-cups a M P, a bell C and a battery whose negative pole is marked 6* and whose positive pole is marked 6 At the semaphore-station is a semaphore D having an arm (Z with a weight d at one end and a chain (Z connecting it with a circular bracket cl which is rotatively mounted upon the semaphore and carries a cup d and metallic pawl CV and an electromagnet d Midway between the stations is located a cup F and near the other station a cup G is located near the rail R, which is provided with a similar lever attachment for causing the cup tobe inverted by the inflection of the rail. Situated likewise in the station is a battery whose negative pole is marked 6 and its positive 1). Near the station is also a mercury-cup T, which is mounted upon the short arm of the lever 25, which is engaged by ametallic pawl t, situated near which is an electromagnet t Thebell g is situated near the cup G A bell f is situated near the cup F and a hell 9 is. situated near the cup G When the train passes the semaphore-station, by the inflection of the rail it inverts cup G as hereinbefore described, and this cup puts the bell into circuit. The ringing of this bell reminds the watchman at the semaphore-station to lower the semaphore-arm (Z and to invert the cup cl and the bracket d. This semaphore-arm then remains lowered until the train in passing cup Gr overturns the same, putting wires 43 and 44 in communication, and since negative pole I) is in communication with the ground at O at all times through wire 45, sends a current from the positive pole back to the first station through wires 43, 44, 46, and 47 The current passes through the electromagnet d disconnects the pawl d, and the semaphorearm (Z assumes its normal position. Now should the employee at the station wish to ascertain whether the train had passed beyond the second he would overturn cup a. If the arm (Z were raised, a current would then pass from the battery in the second stationthrough the wires 43 48 44 46 and the cup d, 49 to the cup a, through wire 50, through bell C to the ground at O ringing the bell and indicating to the employee that the track was free. It is seen that if the cup al were inverted that the current would be intercepted there and that the employee would not get any signal from the hell and that if the cup F were inverted by a watchman because of an accident to the track that the current would likewise be intercepted between the wires 44 and 46 and that the employee at the station would get no signal from the bell C The cups M and P are provided to enable the employee to ascertain from which of these causes the failure to get a signal from bell is caused, in the manner similar to that heretofore described. The cup T is provided for limiting the length of time the signal will continue to pass from the battery 5 I2 to the first station. This is accomplished by the following means: The current passing through the wires 43 48 passes likewise through the electromagnet t and causes it to pull the pawl out of engagement with the arm 25, so that the cup T is inverted. The cup T being contracted in its center, as shown in Fig. 4,,the mercury does not pass through it quickly, so that for a while the wires 43 48 continue to be in communication. As soon as, however,the mercury has passed from one side to the other of the cup these wires cease to communicate and the current ceases it is the duty of the employee at the second station to rearrange the cup T and the cup Gr as soon as the train has passed, and he will be reminded of this by the bell 9, through which a current continues to pass through wire 51, causing it to ring until it is again placed in its normal position.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated a system for preventing collision between trains arriving at the same station. About a mile from the station is a lookout-station, in which mercurycups U V and a battery whose negative pole is marked 6 and its positive 7) are situated. Located near the rail R in proximity to the lookout is a cup G to be overturned by the deflection of the rail, as heretofore described. Midway between this lookout and the station is situated a semaphore E, which carries an arm 6 a semicircular rotating bracket 6, a pawl 6 and an electromagnet a At the station is situated a cup G similar and similarly mounted relative to the rail R as is cup G. In this instance it is supposed that the rail has a side track leading from it, in which event a cup W is mounted near the side track upon a segment of a toothed pinion W, Wl11Cl1 is engaged by a reciprocating toothed rack VV Adjacent to the cup W is a mercurycup G mounted near the rail in a manner similar to cup G When the watchman atthis lookout sees a train approaching, in order to ascertain whether the track at the station is clear he overturns the cup U. Since the negative pole 5 is in communication with the ground at 0 the wire 52 is put into communication with wire 53, thereby completing the circuit through the wires 54, 55, 56, and 57 to the ground at O and ringing the bell C whereby the guard in the lookout knows that the track is clear, for when a train arrives at the station it overturns cup G and therefore breaks the communication between wires 56 and 57 so thatthe guard would get no signal from the bell C upon overturning cup U. If

he wished then to send warning to the station to have the track cleared, he would overturn cup V, which would complete the circuit through wires 58, 59, and 57 and cause the bell C, located near the station, to ring. If the guard neglected to do this, the train itself in passing would overturn cup G, and thus complete the circuit between wires 58 and 59 through the cup Gr and the wires 60 and 61, thus causing a warning to be given by the bell C*. The train in passing the cup Gr would overturn it and cause the bell C to ring, since it would be put into circuit by the wires 60 and 62 and would continue to ringuntil the guard put it into its normal position. The current passing through wires 61 magnetizes electromagnet a and disengages pawl e from the bracket 0 allowing the semaphore-arm e to fall to warn the-engineer of a train that should happen to follow that the first train was stillupon the track. When the side track is opened, the toothed rack W is reciprocated, thereby revolving segment W" and overturning cup W. This would interrupt the connection between wires 54: and 55, so that when the employee overturned cup U he would not be able to obtain asignal of aclear track. However, were it desired to send a train upon the side track the watchman at the side track could by overturning cup Gr put wire 54 in communication with wire 55 by means of wires 63 and 64, and therefore the man at the lookout by turning cup U would get a signal of clear track from the hell 0 and he would send the train forward to be turned off on the side track. When the train passed the rail R at the side track, it would again reinvert the same, as shown in full line, Fig. 3, and as soon as the side track had been closed the toothed pawl WV would be thrown to its normal position again, so that the watchman atthe lookout could again obtain the signal of clear track. When this means for exploring the track near the station to prevent trains coming into the station from interfering with each other is used with a single track, I prefer to use the construction of rail and cup shown in Fig. 8

in place of the cup G and the rail with its attachments shown in Fig. 3. for the reason that the rail 1 would be engaged only by the flanges of trains approaching station and would not be affected by those going away from it. The reason for this is obvious, since it would not be desired to have a train going away from the station to give a signal for clearing the track near the station.

What I claim is 1. In a block system the combination of an electrical conductor connecting two stations, a source of electricity in one station, another source of electricity in the second station, a switch located in the first station the throwing of which puts the first source of electricity into circuit and sends the current to the second station, a second switch near the second station to be thrown by said current to break the first circuit and to throw the second the conductor and thereby send a current back to the first station, an electrical signal at the first station to be actuated by the second current and a means whereby the electrical conductor may be interrupted for any cause substantially as shown and described.

2. In a block system the combination of an electrical conductor connecting two stations, a source of electricity in one station another source of electricity in another station, a switch located in the first station the throwing of which puts the first source of electricity into circuit and sends a current to the second station, a semaphore placed at a distance from the second station, an electromagnet controlling the movement of the semaphore, a second electrical conductor connecting the mag net and the first conductor, a switch controlled by the magnet and to throw the second source of electricity into communication with the conductor and to send a current back to the first station, an electrical signal at the first station to be actuated by the second current, and means whereby at the passage of a train along the track the electrical conductor may be interrupted substantially as shown and described.

3. In a block system the combination of an electrical battery placed in one station from whose negative pole a wire runs to the ground and from whose positive pole a wire extends to the second station passes through an electromagnet and thence to the ground, a mercury-cup in the first station to control the communication between the negative pole and the ground, a semaphore and an electrical switch whose movements are controlled by the Y electromagnet, a second source of electricity situated in the second station which is thrown into circuit with a wire. leading to the first station when the first current throws the switch and an electrical signal in the first station to be actuated by the current from the second station a means for intercepting the circuit for certain causes substantially as shown and described.

4. In a block system the combination of a mercury-cup located near the rail in the vicinity of a railroad-station means whereby the deflection of the rail will overturn the cup and a battery located near the cup and connected thereto so the throwing of the cup puts the battery in communication with the ground, a conductor leading from the battery to the second station, a semaphore, an arm located upon the semaphore, a bracket rotatively mounted upon the semaphore, a means for coupling it to the arm, a pawl for engaging the bracket to hold it in its normal position, an electromagnet for actuating the pawl and a conductor connecting the electromagnet with the battery at the first station whereby the train automatically when starting from one end of the track lowers the semaphore at the other end substantially as shown and described.

5. In a block system the combination of a semaphore situated near one station, a semaphore near the second station, electromagnets, pawls to be actuated thereby and brackets to be engaged by the pawls mounted upon each of the semaphores, arms upon the semaphores to be controlled by the brackets, a cup located near the rail in the vicinity of the first semaphore and to be overturned by the passage of a train, means whereby the overturning of the cup sends a current to the second station magnetizes the magnet and actuates the bracket to lower the arm, means for'lowering the first semaphore after a train has passed it, a second cup located near the second semaphore to be overturned by the passage of a train and means whereby the overturning the second cup sends a current back to the electromagnet of the first semaphore to magnetize it, actuate the bracket to raise the arm of the semaphore and allow it to take its normal position substantially as shown and described.

6. in a block system the combination of a battery one pole of which is in communication with the ground the other pole of which has a conductor leading to a mercury-cup located nearastation, said mercury-cup,means whereby the train overturns said mercury-cup, a wire leading from each end of the mercurycup to the ground, a mercury-cup near the battery for intercepting the first conductor, a second mercury-cup connected to the battery anda second circuit leading from the battery to the station and into the end of the mercurycup opposite to the end at which the first conductor entered it, an electrical signal located near the battery to be sounded when the circuit is made substantially as shown and decribed.

7 In a block system a source of electricity in one station, another source of electricity in a second station, an electrical conductor leading from one station to the other, a switch in the first station for putting the first source of electricity into communication with the conductor to send a current toward the second station, a mercury-cup contracted at its center and mounted rotatably near the second station and interrupting the electrical conductor near its contracted portion, a means whereby the first current inverts the cup and throws the first source out and the second source of electricity into communication with the wire. whereby a second current returns through the cup before'the mercury has ceased to join the intercepted ends of the conductor and goes to the first station substantially as shown and de scribed.

8. In a block system the combination of a source of electricity located in one station, a source of electricity located in a second station, an electrical conductor connecting the two stations, a mercury-cup in the first station the revolving of which throws the first source of electricity into communication with the electrical conductor to send a current to the second station, a switch and an electromagnet in the second station, a wireconnecting the electromagnet with the conductor whereby the first current magnetizes the magnet and throws the switch, connections whereby the throwing of the switch intercepts the first-formed circuit and throws the second source of electricity into communication with the conductor to convey a second current back to the first station, an electrical signal to be actuated at the first station by second current, a second mercury-cup interrupting the conductor when inverted,means whereby the cup is inverted when a train is started from the second station, a third mercury-cup located midway between the stations and to interrupt the conductor likewise when inverted to indicate an accident to the track, a fourth and a fifth mercury-cup located in the first station one of which is connected to the second mercury-cup so that its inversion at the same time with the inversion of the second mercury-cup forms a complete circuit with the source of electricity in the first station, and sends a current through the electrical signal, and connections between the fifth and third mercury-cups whereby their inversion at one time likewise forms a complete circuit with the source of power at the first station and sends a current to the electrical signal substantially as shown and described,

ANTONIO FIORINI. Witnesses:

G'UISEPPE CArooAooIA, CELEsTE BALDINI. 

